• The Youngest Come Closest to Meeting Targets
• Figure E-1: Percentage of Young Children Having "Good" Diets
• Figure E-2: Percentage of Young Children Meeting Dietary Recommendation of the Healthy Eating Index Components
• All Children Consume Too Much Added Sugar and Fat
• Beverage Choices Contribute to Disordered Diets
• Changes in Children’s Food and Nutrient Intakes
• Contributions of Away from Home Eating
• Meal Patterns Influence Nutrient Intakes
• Table E-1: Nutrient Intake by Frequency of Family Meals in Past Week
• Nutrients
• Children’s Nutrient Intakes vs. Recommendations
• Consumer Confusion
• Health Implications of Children’s Dietary Patterns
• Snack Attack
• Vegetarian Kids are the Minority
• The Role of Schools
• More than Enough Blame to go Around
• Actions Needed

Chapter 1: What Children Eat - Infants and Toddlers

• Table 1-1: Proportion of U.S. Infants and Toddlers, by Age Who Consumed Selected Foods In A Day
• Milk Consumption Generally Conforms to Recommendations
• Table 1-2: Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Milk Products
• Grain-food Consumption: Concerns Include Iron, Sweets
• Table 1-3: Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Grain-Based Foods
• Fruit and Veggie Consumption is Cause for Concern
• Table 1-4: Percentage of Infant and Toddler Consumption of Select Vegetables, by Age
• Table 1-5: Evolution of Infant/Toddler Vegetable Eating Habits, by Age
• Table 1-6: Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Fruit
• Table 1-7: Top Fruits Consumed by Age Group
• Common Meat Choices Are Low in Iron, Often High in Calories, Fat, and Sodium
• Table 1-8: Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Foods
• By the Age of One, Nearly 80% of Toddlers Consume Sweets
• Table 1-9: Percent of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Desserts, Sweetened beverages and Salty Snacks
• Nutrient Intakes of Infants and Toddlers
• Table 1-10: Energy Consumption of Infants and Toddlers Exceed Requirements
• Food and Nutrition Patterns in Young Children
• Healthy Eating Index - How Young Children Rate
• Figure 1-1: Percentage of Children Eating a “Good” Diet
• Less than 20% of Young Children Have “Good” Diets
• Figure 1-2: Percentage of Young Children Meeting the Dietary Recommendation of the Healthy Eating Index Components
• Table 1-11: Young Children Meeting Dietary Recommendation of HEI Components By Socio-demographic Characteristics
• Table 1-12: The Quality of Young Children Diets, By Socio-demographic Characteristic
• Dairy Consumption of Young Children
• Table 1-13: Young Children’s Consumption of Milk and Milk Products
• Most Young Children Miss Nutrient Intake Targets
• Table 1-14: Young Children’s Daily Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
• Table 1-15: Young Children’s Daily Nutrient Intakes: Mean Amounts Consumed
• Table 1-16: Recommended Protein Intake in Grams Per Pound of Body Weight
• Table 1-17: How Food Label Reference Values (DV) Compare to the Nutritional Recommendations for Children
• Food and Beverage Patterns of School-Age Children
• Table 1-18: School-Aged Children’s Daily Consumption Milk and Milk Products
• Table 1-19: School-Aged Children’s Daily Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
• Nutrient Patterns Among School Age Children
• Table 1-20: Percentages of School-Aged Children with Diets Meeting 100% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances
• Table 1-21: Mean Percentages of Food Energy from Protein, Total Fat, Fatty Acids, and Carbohydrates
• Food and Nutrient Consumption of Tweens, Teens
• Table 1-22: Tween/Teen Consumption of Milk and Milk Products
• Table 1-23: Teen/Tween Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
• Table 1-24: Tween/Teen Nutrient Intakes: Mean Amounts Consumed per Individual
• Table 1-25: Many Children Do Not Consume the Recommended Amounts of Key Nutrients
• All Children Exceed Consumption Recommendations for Added Fats, Sugars
• Table: 1-26: Intake from the Pyramid Tip
• Sweetened Drinks Contribute to Sugar Overload
• Table 1-27: Reported Daily Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks

Chapter 2: Patterns of Beverage Consumption

• Table 2-1: The Nutrient Composition of Soft Drinks
• Carbonated Soft Drink Consumption Has Soared
• Table 2-2: Beverages Available In the U.S. Food Supply, 1970-1997
• Sweetened Drinks Replace More Nutritious Options
• The Likelihood of Consuming Milk Declines with Age
• Table 2-3: Beverages Commonly Consumed by U.S. Children
• Mean Daily Beverage Intakes
• Table 2-4: Children’s Mean Daily Intakes of Selected Beverages by Age and Gender
• Consumption of Sweetened Drinks Implicated in Childhood Obesity
• Beverage Choices Contribute to Nutrient Intakes
• Table 2-5: American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on Fruit Juice
• The Importance of Dairy Consumption
• Table 2-6: Calcium and Milk Recommendations for Children and Teens

Chapter 3: Changes in Children’s Consumption of Food and Nutrients

• Trends among Children Ages 6 to 11
• Table 3-1: Changes in Mean Intakes, Grain Products and Mixtures, Boys & Girls 6 to 11 Years Old
• Vegetable & Fruit Intake Among Children Ages 6 to 11
• Table 3-2: Changes in Mean Intakes from Vegetables and Fruit, Boys & Girls 6 to 11 Years Old
• Dairy Products and Other Beverages
• Table 3-3: Changes in Mean Intakes from Dairy Products and Other Beverages, Boys & Girls 6 to 11 Years Old
• Meat and Meat Alternates
• Table 3-4: Meat and Meat Alternatives, Fats and Sweets
• Changes in Percentages of Children Using Selected Food Groups
• Table 3-5: Changes in Percentage of Children Using Selected Food Groups, Boys & Girls 6 to 11 Years Old
• Changes in Nutrient Intakes Among Children 6-11
• Table 3-6: Changes in Mean Intakes of Food Energy and Selected Nutrients, and Mean Percentages of Calories from Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate, Girls- Ages 6 to 11
• Table 3-7: Changes in Mean Intakes of Food Energy and Selected Nutrients, and Mean Percentages of Calories from Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate, Boys- Ages 6 to 11
• Adolescent Intake Trends
• Grain Products
• Table 3-8: Changes in Mean Intakes from Grain Products and Mixtures, Adolescent Boys & Girls 12 to 19 Years Old
• Vegetables and Fruit
• Table 3-9: Changes in Mean Intakes from Vegetables and Fruits, Adolescent Boys & Girls 12 to 19 Years Old
• Dairy Products and Other Beverages
• Table 3-10: Changes in Mean Intakes from Dairy Products and Other Beverages, Adolescent Boys & Girls 12 to 19 Years Old
• Meat and Meat Alternates, Fats and Sweets
• Table 3-11: Meat, Meat Alternates, Fats and Sweets
• Changes in Percentage of Adolescents Using Selected Food Groups
• Table 3-12: Changes in Percentage of Children Using Selected Food Groups, Boys & Girls 12 to 19 Years Old
• Nutrient Intake Changes Among Adolescents
• Table 3-13: Changes in Mean Intakes of Food Energy and Selected Nutrients, and Mean Percentages of Calories from Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate, Girls- Ages 12 to 19
• Table 3-14: Changes in Mean Intakes of Food Energy and Selected Nutrients, and Mean Percentages of Calories from Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate, Boys- Ages 12 to 19

Chapter 4: Contribution of Away from Home Eating

• Away from Home Eating Contributes One Third of a Child’s Caloric Intake
• Popularity of Fast Food
• Table 4-1: Calories Contributed By Fast Food, On The Days It Is Consumed
• Table 4-2: Percentage of Caloric Intake, Home Foods vs. Away-From-Home Foods
• Nearly a Third of Children Eat Fast Food in a Day
• Table 4-3: Percentage of Children Eating Fast Food Daily
• Away from Home Eating Influences Quality of Children’s Diets
• Table 4-4: Mean Intakes of Energy and Selected Nutrients and Food Groups Among 4- to 19-Year-Old Children by Fast-Food Intake Status
• Table 4-5: Mean Intakes of Selected Nutrients and Food Groups Among 4- to 19-Year-Old Children by Age Group and Fast-Food Intake
• Children Need to Trim Fat Intake, Especially Away from Home
• Table 4-6: Children’s Share of Calories from Fat and Saturated Fats
• Children Consume Too Much Sodium, Too Little Fiber, Too Little Calcium
• Table 4-7: Children’s Consumption of Key Nutrients At Home and Away
• Fast Food Consumption Contributes to Poor Diet Quality

Chapter 5: Meal Patterns

• Breakfast Is the Most Important Meal of the Day
• Children Benefit from Family Meals
• Table 5-1: Frequency of Family Meals Per Week
• Table 5-2: Frequency of Family Meals and Selected Food Intake Among Children
• Table 5-3: Nutrient Intake by Frequency of Family Meals in Past Week

Chapter 6: Comparing Dietary Intakes with Recommendations

• Disordered Eating Patterns
• Figure 6-1: “Real” Children’s Food Pyramid
• Table 6-1: Fat, Added Sugars as Percent of Calories Consumed In a Day by Gender and Age
• Servings Consumed vs. Pyramid Recommendations
• Table 6-2: Mean Numbers of Pyramid Servings Consumed Per Day, by Gender and Age
• Table 6-3: Recommended Daily Intake in Servings, and Measure or Weight
• Few Children Meet Pyramid Targets
• Table 6-4: Percent of Individuals Meeting Pyramid Recommendations for the Five Food Groups
• Table 6-5: Percentages of Children/Teens Consuming Specified Number of Pyramid Servings

Chapter 7: Consumer Confusion - Discrepancies between Attitudes and Behavior

• Parents Stress Nutritious Meals for their Children
• Brown Bag Lunches Considered Superior to Cafeteria Food
• Parents Prefer Organic Food
• Parental Confusion about Nutritional Advice
• Figure 7-1: Knowledge of Food Guide Pyramid Recommendations Among Adults, 1994-95 1
• Consumer Attitudes About Home Cooking vs. Fast Food
• Table 7-1: Attitudes Regarding Fast Food and Diet: Percentage of Adults Who “Agree A Lot”
• Table 7-2: Attitudes Regarding Fast Food and Diet: Percentage of Adults Who Express Any Agreement
• Incidence of Adults Eating Fast Food with Children
• Table 7-3: Fast-Food Eating Habits by Age, Gender and Race
• Table 7-4: Likelihood of Eating Fast Food with Children, Based on Region of the Country
• Table 7-5: Adults Eating Fast Food with Children, By Presence and Age of Children in the Household.
• Incidence of Family Meals Declines as Children Age
• Table 7-6: Incidence of “Family Meals,” By Presence and Age of Children in a Household
• Many Parents Incorrectly Gauge Child’s Weight
• Table 7-7: Top 5 Food Factors Contributing to Childhood Obesity
• Table 7-8: Top 5 Lifestyle Factors Contributing to Childhood Obesity
• What Children Have to Say about Nutrition and Weight
• Table 7-9: Children’s Attitudes About Healthy Foods
• Table 7-10: Children’s Attitude About Healthy Foods

Chapter 8: Health Implications of Children’s Dietary Patterns

• Obesity: The Most Visible Consequence of Poor Eating Patterns
• Figure 8-1: Percentage of Americans Who Associate Obesity with a Given Age Group
• Increasing Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity
• Figure 8-2: Prevalence of Childhood Obesity
• Parents Contribute to Their Children’s Weight Problems
• Table 8-1: Risk of Overweight has Increased Among Children and Adolescents
• Figure 8-3: Parental Beliefs about Nutrition Attitudes and Relationship to Overweight in Children
• Table 8-2: Correlation Between Parental Knowledge of Nutrition and Children’s Overweight Status
• Table 8-3: Parental Beliefs about Nutrition Attitudes and Relationship to Overweight in Children
• Adequate Nutrition is Important Throughout Childhood, Particularly Adolescence
• An Epidemic of "D-ficiency"?
• Diabetes
• Heart Disease Risk May Affect One Child in Eight
• Obesity Leads to High Blood Pressure Among Children
• Improved Diets Yield Healthcare Savings
• Improved Diets Offer Significant Savings
• Dietary Patterns Have a Direct Effect on Health
• Table 8-4: Consequents of Inadequate and Excessive Intake of Selected Nutrients

Chapter 9: Evolving Eating Styles

• Relatively Few Kids are Vegetarians
• Table 9-1: Percentage of Kids/Teens Who Never Eat Meat, Fish or Poultry
• Experts Confirm Vegetarian Diets can be Healthy, Safe for Kids, Teens
• Snacks Replace Meals
• Kids Influence Family Meals
• Growing Concern about Eating Disorders

Chapter 10: Shaping Kids’ Eating Habits - The Role Schools Play

• Table 10-1: Mean Nutrient Intake of School Age Children, by NSLP Participation Status
• Weaning Schools, and Children, from Junk Food
• Table 10-2: Proportion of Schools where Students Can Purchase Selected Food or Beverages in Vending Machines, School Store, Canteen or Snack Bar
• Table 10-3: Proportion of U.S. Schools Allowing Students to Buy Specific Foods or Beverages from Vending Machines or a School Store, Canteen, or Snack Bar at Specific Times
• Snack Bars, not Salad Bars
• Legislating Stronger Policies
• School Nutrition Programs Can Work
• Schools Are in a Unique Position to Improve Nutrition

Chapter 11: Finger Pointing: Plenty Of Blame To Go Around

• Portion Distortion
• Figure 11-1: Percent Difference Between Portions Commonly Consumed and Government-Recommended Serving Sizes
• Figure 11-2: Introduction of Larger Portion Sizes, 1970 to 1999
• Pointing the Finger at American Agriculture Policy
• Sky Rocketing Sugar Consumption
• Fast Food Contributes to Poor Nutrient Intakes of Children
• Television Viewing Linked with Obesity, Poor Diets
• Table 11-1: Percentage of Children Ages 6 to 14 Having a Television, VCR, or DVD In Their Room
• Advertising Blamed for Childhood Obesity
• Parental Attitudes Toward Advertising
• Table 11-2: Media Attitudes of Parents: Advertising and Television Programs
• Do Marketers Think They Deserve the Blame?
• What do Consumers Think?
• Table 11-3: Top 5 Food Factors Contributing to Childhood Obesity
• Table 11-4: Top-5 Lifestyles Factors Contributing to Childhood Obesity
• Table 11-5: Parents Who Agree “Food Manufacturers Are Doing All They Can To Provide Healthy Alternatives” - Top-5 Categories “Doing All They Can”
• Table 11-6: Bottom-5 Categories “Doing All They Can”
• Importance of the Parental Role Model

Chapter 12: Responses to the Crisis in Childhood Nutrition

• Corporate Actions
• General Mills
• Kraft
• Reducing Trans Fats, Serving Sizes
• Foodservice Responses
• Regulatory Action and Government Intervention
• Community-Based Intervention
• Case Study: Somerville, MA
• The BONES Project

Appendix: Addresses of Selected Marketers